Lithium-ion battery technology has experienced remarkable advancements in recent years, driving improvements in energy density, charging speed, and overall performance. These advancements have revolutionized various sectors, including electric vehicles, making lithium-ion batteries the dominant choice for many applications. However, challenges rema

Lithium-ion batteries have revolutionized our society, powering everything from smartphones and laptops to electric vehicles and grid storage systems. Its popularity stems from a combination of features, including high energy density, long cycle life, and relatively low self-discharge rates. At the heart of these systems lies a complex electrochem